Know about Indian History & Culture - General Knowledge

Indian History & Culture - General Knowledge
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01	Alexander invaded India in	326 BC
02	The Mauryan Empire was established in	322 BC
03	The First Mughal Emperor of India was	Babur
04	Taj Mahal was built by	Shahjahan
05	Lala Lajpat Rai was also known as	Lion of Punjab
06	Chandragupta II was also known as	Vikramaditya
07	The city of Fatehpur Sikri was built by	Akbar
08	The Red Fort in Delhi was built by	Shahjahan
09	Battle of Panipat was faught in	1761 AD
10	The first President of India was	Dr.Rajendra Prasad
11	"Swaraj is my birthright!" was said by	Bal Gangadhar Tilak
12	The capital of Mysore during the rule of Tipu Sultan was	Srirangapatnam
13	Battle of Plassey was fought in	1757 AD
14	The first Governor-General of Bengal under the East India Company was	Warren Hastings
15	Ashoka was born in	269 BC
16	Permanent settlement in Bengal was introduced by	Lord Cornwallis
17	The last Governor-General of India was	C.Raja Gopalachari
18	The first session of the Indian National Congress was held at	Bombay (Mumbai)
19	Quit India Movement started in the year	1942 AD
20	Sir Thomas Roe,English Ambassador, visited India during the reign of	Jahangir
21	In the battle of Plassey, Lord Clive defeated	Siraj-ud-Daula
22	The city of Calcutta was founded in	1690 AD
23	The capital of king Vikramaditya's kingdom was	Ujjain
24	The first Viceroy of India was	Lord Canning
25	The name of the famous horse of Rana Pratap was	Chetak
26	The Grand Trunk road was built during the reign of	Shersa Suri
27	Tipu Sultan was born in	1750 AD
28	Home Rule Movement was started by	Annie Besant
29	Shivaji was crowned in	1664 AD
30	East India Company was established in the year	1600 AD
31	The capital city of ancient India was	Indraprastha
32	The first woman ruler in India was	Razia Begum
33	The capital of the Mauryan was	Patliputra
34	The construction of Qutb Minar in Delhi was completed by	Ala-ud-din
35	Din-i-Ilahi was founded by	Akbar
36	Rabindranath tagore was born in	1861 AD
37	The most famous king of Vijayanagar Empire was	Krishnadevaraya
38	Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan was also known as	Frontier Gandhi
39	Samudra Gupta is popularly known as	Napolean of India
40	The first Tamil hero who fought against the British was	Veerapandya Kattabomman
41	Akbar's tomb is situated at	Sikandrabad
42	Gautama Buddha was the son of	Shuddhodan
43	Shivaji's mother was	Jeejabai
44	Gandhiji's mother was	Puthali Bai
45	The political teacher of shivaji was	Dadoji Konddev
46	Timur invaded India in the year	1398 AD
47	Mahmud Ghazni was the son of	Sabaktageen
48	The city of Ahmedabad was established by	Ahmed Shah I
49	Rani padmini was	Queen of Rana Ratna simha,the king of Chittoor
50	The real name of Babar was	Zahiruddin Muhammed
51	The meaning of the word "Babar" is	Tiger
52	Vijayasthamba is located at	Chittoor Fort
53	Timur was the ruler of	Samarkhand,Central Asia
54	The Indian social reformer who fought for the abolition of Sati was	Rajaram Mohan Roy
55	The first British Governor General of free India was	Lord Mountbatten
56	Dadabhai Naoroji was associated with the theory of	"Drain of Wealth"
57	The kingdom of South India well known for its Naval power was	The Cholas
58	Aligarh Muslim University was founded by	Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
59	The first Indian ruler who prohibited Sati was	Akbar
60	The Mughal ruler who was to recruit Rajput nobles in his administration was	Akbar
61	The reforms announced by the British Govt.in 1909 are known as	The Morle-Minto Reforms
62	The architect who designed the capital City of New Delhi was	E.L.Lutyens
63	At the time of independence, the number of princely states in India were	552
64	The Indian Prime Minister known as "Man of Peace" was	Lal Bahadur Shastri
65	The Indian king who fought the last Anglo-Mysore War against the English was	Tipu Sultan
66	Kohinoor Diamond was taken away by	Nadir Shah
67	The full name of Shahjehan was	Khurram Shihabuddin Mohammed Shahjehan
68	The Bardoli satyagraha was started by	Mahatma Gandhi
69	The founder of Arya Samaj was	Swamy Dayanand Saraswati
70	The Governor General who abolished Sati was	Lord William Bentinck

71	Bihar was earlier known as	Magadha
72	Agra was earlier known as	Akbarabad
73	"Harsha Charit" was written by	Banabatta
74	Chandragupta Maurya spent the last days of his life at	Sravanabelagola
75	Jalianwala Bagh Massacre took place at	Amritsar
76	Vijayanagar kingdom was situated on the banks of river	Tungabhadra
77	In 1498,the sea route to india was discovered by	Vasco-da-gama
78	King Bhoja was from the which dynasty	Pratihara
79	The period 1206 Ad to 1526 AD is known as	The Delhi Sultanate
80	Agra city was founded by	Sikandar Lodhi
81	Vijaynagar Empire was founded by	Harihara and Bukka
82	The Vijayanagar kings fought frequent wars with the	Bahamani Sultans
83	The last king of the Vijayanagar empire was	Rama Raya
84	Shankaracharya was associated with which movement	Bhakti
85	Ramanuja preached the philosophy of	Vishishtadvaita
86	The followers of Ramanuja are known as	Vaishnavas
87	Kabir was the disciple of	Ramanand
88	The founder of Sikh religion was	Guru Nanak
89	Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the year	1526 AD
90	Babar died in the year	1530 AD
91	Humayun was defeated by	Sher Shah Suri
92	Humayun died at the age of	48 years
93	Akbar was crowned in the year	1556 AD
94	In the second battle of Panipat, Akbar defeated	Himu
95	Akbar died in the year	1605 Ad
96	The original name of Nurjahan was	Mehrunisa
97	Jehangir was known for his	Justice
98	Jehangir died in the year	1627 AD
99	Aurangzeb was the son of	Shahjehan
100	Aurangzeb died in the year	1707 AD
101	The first Guru of the sikhs was	Guru Nanak Dev
102	The tenth Guru of the sikhs was	Guru Gobind Singh
103	Amritsar was founded by	Guru Ram Das
104	The Golden Temple was built by	Guru Arjan Dev
105	The Akal Takht was built by	Guru Hargobind
106	Guru Gobind Singh was born in	1666 AD
107	The `Khalsa' at Anandpur Sahib was founded by	Guru Gobind Singh
108	Maharaja Ranjit Singh was born in	1780 AD
109	Bahadur Shah Zafar died in the year	1862 AD
110	Shivaji died at age of	50 years
111	In tne year 1798,who was appointed as the Governor-General	Wellesley
112	Wellesley started the policy of	Subsidiary Alliance
113	Dalhousie became the Governor-General in	1848 AD
114	The first war of Indian Independence fought in 1857 is also known as	The Sepoy Mutiny
115	The Lady ruler who participated in the 1857 Revolt was	Rani Laxmi Bai of Jhansi
116	The Indian Association was formed in 1876 at	Calcutta
117	The Indian National Congress was formed in	1885 AD
118	The Rowlatt Act was passed in the year	1919 AD
119	The Jalianwala Bagh Massacre took place in the year	1919 AD
120	The movement launched in 1920 is known as	The Non-Co-operation Movement
121	The Simon Commission came to India in the year	1928 AD
122	Chandragupta Maurya was succeeded by	Bindusara
123	Ashoka invaded Kalinga in the year	261 BC
124	Ashoka died in the year	232 BC
125	Ashoka ruled for a period of	40 years
126	The last king of Maurya dynasty was	Brihadratha
127	Chandragupta was succeeded by	Samudragupta
128	The Iron Pillar near Qutb Minar was erected by	Chandragupta II
129	Fahien, a Chinese traveller visited india during the reign of	Chandragupta II
130	Harshavardhana ascended the throne at the age of	16 years
131	Harshavardhana was defeated by	Pulakeshin II
132	The Chinese traveller who visited India during the reign of Harshavardhana was	Hieun Tsang
133	Akbar was succeeded by	Jehangir
134	Jehangir was succeeded by	Shahjehan
135	In ancient times this river was called Shatadru. How do we know it now?	Sutlej.
136	In the Rigveda there is a reference to the "Dasharajna Yuddha". What does this refer to?	It was a battle of 10 kings fought between Sudasa, a king of the Tritsu family on one side, and a confederacy of 10 tribes on the other. It was fought on the banks of the Parushni (Ravi). Sudasa defeated his enemies in this battle.
137	Who was the ruler of the territory between the Jhelum and the Ravi when Alexander invaded India?	Paurava or Porus as the Greeks called him.
138	When Porus surrendered to Alexander, Alexander asked him how he wished to be treated. What was Porus' reply?	"As one King would treat another". This was his famous reply that has become a classic. Hearing this Alexander not only reinstated Porus on the throne, but he also added territories towards the east and domains of many republican states to the existing kingdom of Porus (according to Plutarch)
139	Who was Megasthenes?	Megasthenes was the Greek ambassador to the Mauryan Court.
140	Who sent Megasthenes as his ambassador to the Mauryan Court?	Seleucus Nikator

141	Where did Seleucus Nikator rule?	Babylon. He gradually extended his empire from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indus.
142	Whom did Chandragupta Maurya defeat to establish his kingdom?	The Nanda dynasty of Magadha.
143	Who helped Chandragupta Maurya defeat the Nanda rulers?	Kautilya also called Chanakya.
144	Of which territories was Ashoka the Viceroy before he became the king?	Taksha-Shila and Ujjain.
145	"Beloved of the gods" and "of amiable appearance". Ashoka used these titles in his inscriptions. Can you give the original titles?	"Devanampiya" and "Piyadassi" (Devanampriya and Priyadarshin).
146	What was unique about the personal bodyguards of the Maurya rulers?	They were women.
147	Who was the last Maurya King?	Brihadratha.
148	Who overthrew Brihadratha?	Pushyamitra, who was his Commander-in-chief.
149	What was the name of the dynasty that succeeded Mauryan dynasty?	The Shunga dynasty. (Pushyamitra founded this dynasty after he overthrew the Mauryan ruler)
150	From which source have historians got some details of the overthrow of the Mauryan dynasty?	Bana's Harshacharita written almost eight centuries after the event

151	The Allahabad Pillar inscription is the most authentic record about the reign of a famous Emperor. Identify that Emperor.	Samudra Gupta
152	The Hindu kingdom of Champa flourished outside the present boundaries of India. Where would the kingdom be located in today's context?	Vietnam. During this period, the country was considered a great centre of Vedic education.
153	What is Theravada in the context of Buddhism?	It is a major form of Buddhism prevalent in Sri Lanka, Burma, Cambodia, Laos and Thailand.
154	Where is Angkor Vat located?	It is located in the ancient kingdom of Kambuja (modem Cambodia). It means Temple (Vat) of the city (Angkor).
155	Who constructed Angkor Vat?	Suryavarman II.
156	To whom is Angkor Vat dedicated?	Vishnu.
157	Who wrote Uttara-Rama-Charitam?	Bhavabhuti.
158	What is the Gandhara art also known as?	Indo-Greek. The Gandhara sculptures drew their inspiration from the Hellenic (Greek) art of Asia Minor.
159	After whom have the rock-cut temples at Mahabalipuram in Tamil Nadu been named?	The five Pandavas and Draupadi.
160	To which dynasty did Gautamiputra Shatakarni belong?	Shatavahanas.
161	Who founded the Shatavahana dynasty?	The founder of the family was Simuka but it was Shatakarni I who raised it to eminence.
162	Who wrote the Buddha Charita?	Ashvaghosha.
163	To which dynasty did Kanishka belong?	The Kushana dynasty
164	On the banks of which river did Harappa lie?	Ravi. Mohenjodaro was on the bank of the Sindhu (Indus.)
165	Name the trading station of the Indus Valley Civilisation.	Lothal.
166	The 'Sapta Sindhu' was the area of the initial Aryan settlement. To what region did it refer?	The land of the Sindhu (Indus) and its principal tributaries.
167	Which is the crime that is most often mentioned in the Rjgveda?	Cattle-lifting.
168	What does the word 'Sangam' refer to in Tamil History?	It is the literary assembly of Tamil scholars held at Madurai under the patronage of the Pandyan Kings.
169	Which great Chola Emperor started the tradition of installing epigraphs with historical introductions?	Rajaraja Chola.
170	Nalanda and Vikramshila were very famous in ancient India. What was the reason for their fame?	These were the centres where the famous Buddhist Universities flourished.
171	What were Nalanda, Vikramshila in reality?	Buddhist monasteries. They later took on the shape of universities.
172	What does the term Bhagavata relate to?	CC.
173	Greek sources refer to him as Sandrocottus (Androcottus). How do we know him?	Chandragupta Maurya.
174	What does the term 'dwija' mean?	'Dwija' describes those who wear the sacred thread after Upanayanam. Literally 'Dwija' means twice-born.
175	What was the reason for the importance of Kaveripattanam during the Sangam period?	It was among the chief ports of the Tamil countries that carried on trade with the Romans.
176	What was the intoxicating drink that was consumed by the Rig Vedic Aryans during religious ceremonies?	Soma.
177	How do we better know "Sakyamuni" (Shakyamuni)?	Buddha.
178	Who was the twenty-fourth and the last Tirthankara of the Jains?	Vardhamana Mahavira
179	On the basis of the Dhamma that Ashoka propagated, what is "Shusrusha"?	Shusrusha meant obedience to father, mother, teacher and men of high caste.
180	What is the literal meaning of Mohenjodaro?	Mound of the dead.
181	What is a Stupa?	It is a kind of tomb where the relics of Buddha or other Buddhist monks are kept.

182	What were the four sights which Gautam saw, while being driven around the city?	An old man, a sick man, a corpse and an ascetic.
183	Who was the chief deity of the Sangam Period?	Murugan (Karttikeya)
184	Which Gupta ruler is also known as 'Kavi Raja'?	Samudragupta.
185	Samudragupta is represented on coins as playing a particular musical instrument. Which musical instrument is that?	Veena.
186	What is common to the following: Kumarasambhava, Ritusamhara, Raghuvamsham and Meghdootam?	They are all works of Kalidasa.
187	What was the name of Harsha's sister?	Rajyashri
188	What was the title assumed by Harsha when he ascended the throne?	Shiladitya
189	Whom did Harsha succeed?	His elder brother, Rajyavardhana.
190	Mahendra, the son of Ashoka, was sent as a Buddhist missionary to a particular kingdom. Identify the kingdom.	Sri Lanka
191	In ancient times, who were the foreigners who were called Yavanas?	The Greeks. The word was derived from the Old Persian form of the word 'Yauna', signifying originally the Ionian Greeks, but later, all people of Greek nationality. In the medieval times it came to be used for all foreigners irrespective of their place of origin.
192	What was Sumatra called as, in ancient times?	Suvarnadvipa.
193	Who systematised the rules of Sanskrit grammar (4 Century BC) in the work Ashtadhyayi?	Panini.
194	One of the chief sources of revenue from villages mentioned in the Ashokan inscriptions is the "Bhaga". What is it?	Bhaga: King's share of the produce of the soil, usually l/6th. The other source of revenue was the Bali. The Bali was the land tribute paid to the King.
195	In the Mauryan times if someone were referring to the Karshapana, what would he be talking about?	The Karshapana was a copper coin that was in use during the Mauryan times. Dharana was a Silver coin and the Kakani were smaller copper coins.
196	Where is Gandhara art found?	The ruins of Taksha-shila, in modern Pakistan and Afghanistan.
197	What were the Jains originally called?	Nirgrantha.
198	In Jainism a small group of people were called Ganadharas. Who were they?	The close disciples of Mahavira were called Ganadharas.
199	For a while, Bhagavatism and Brahmanism were separate sects. How did the two merge into one?	When Krishna, the main deity of Bhagavatism, began to be identified with Vishnu, the main deity of Brahmanism, the two sects merged into one.
200	What is the importance of the Khyber and Bolan passes in Indian history?	The land route between India and West Asia lies through these passes.
201	Which city in ancient India was famous for its textile industry?	Mathura
202	What is Stridhana?	It is the exclusive property of a married lady, something she often inherits from her mother.
203	According to the Arthashastra the Senapati was an important member of the Mantri Parishad. What was his role?	Commander-in-Chief of the army.
204	Jyotisha is one of the Vedangas. What does it deal with?	Astronomy and astrology
205	Two popular assemblies used to control the affairs of the Vedic kingdoms. Name them.	Sabha: - Body of the elders. Constituted of Brahmins and rich patrons. Samiti: - An assembly of common people. Meant for the discharge of administration.
206	Who or what are the 'Uttariya' and 'Antariya'?	In ancient India, antariya (dhoti) a lower garment was worn by all common people. Uttariya was the garment that covered the upper part of the body. In addition to these the well-to-do people wore Prapata around the waist. Around the prapata, the rich wore Rasana, usually of gold. Ushneesha was used to cover the head and Stanapatta was worn to cover the breasts.
207	Who built the rock-cut temples at Ellora?	The Rashtrakuta king, Krishna I.
208	In the context of Buddhism, what is Vinaya Pitaka?	It is the work that deals with the governance of the life of Buddhists. It also describes the gradual development of the Sangha and the life and teachings of Buddha.
209	What is contained in the Sutta Pitaka?	Sutta Pitaka incorporates the greatest literary works of Buddhism. Of the five collections, the first four consist of discourses of Buddha.
210	Patanjali's Mahabhashya refers to some of the stories about Krishna's early life. Who does Patanjali call Samkarshana?	Balarama.
211	With which modern township would you identify the ancient port of Suppara (also known as Surparaka)?	Nala Sopara an extended suburb of modern Mumbai.
212	What was the basis of barter for common articles during the Vedic period?	Paddy.
213	In which script were a majority of the Ashoka inscriptions written?	Brahmi. Brahmi script was used in the whole of the country, except the northwest.
214	What script did Ashoka use in the inscriptions of the Northwest of India?	Kharoshti script.
215	The Jaina texts were finally compiled in the sixth century A.D. in Vallabhi in Gujarat. In which language were they written?	Prakrit.
216	Who wrote the Arthashastra?	Kautilya.
217	Which is a very important source of information for the social, political and economic life of the people living in the Tamil Naidu area in the early Christian era?	Sangam literature.
218	Who is the author of the Greek work "Indika"?	Megasthenes. This book, however, is not available to us in its entirety and survives only in quotations by subsequent classical writers.
219	When did the Vikram Samvat begin in India?	It began in 57 B.C.
220	Over which part of present-day India did the Pala dynasty rule?	Bengal.
221	When did the Shaka era begin in India?	78A.D.
222	Who started the Shaka era?	Kanishka of the Kushana dynasty.
223	When did the Gupta era begin in India?	In 320 A.D., after Chandragupta of the Gupta dynasty.
224	Over which kingdom did Kharavela rule?	Kalinga.
225	According to Buddhist sources, a dreaded dacoit had a transformation of heart and took refuge in Buddha's Dhamma. Who was he?	Angulimala.

226	An accomplished and rich dancer gave away her mango-grove to the Sangha of Buddha and became his disciple. Name her.	Amrapali.
227	Why was the Indus Valley Civilisation originally called the Harappan Civilisation?	It was so called because the first site of this civilization was discovered (in 1921) at the modern site of Harappa, in present day Pakistan.
228	What was the basis of the town planning of the people of the Indus Valley Civilisation?	It was the Grid System. In the format that they used all roads cut across each other almost at right angles. This led to the city being divided into blocks.
229	What was the most important public place in Mohenjodaro?	It was the Great Bath. It was probably used for ritual bathing.
230	What religion did Kharavela patronise?	Jainism.
231	The Greeks called cotton "Sindon". There is a reason behind this name. What is it?	The people of the Indus Valley Civilisation were the first to produce cotton and therefore the Greeks called it Sindon. This word is derived from the name Sindh.
232	Karikala Chola founded a famous city. What was it?	Puhar. Identified with Kaveripatnam the Chola capital.
233	To which Age does the Indus Valley Civilisation belong?	The Bronze Age. Iron was not known to them.
234	What is the birthplace of Shankaracharya?	Kaladi. Shankaracharya was a famous exponent of the Advaita philosophy. Advaita literally means not two. Advaita believes in an eternal being and holds that the plurality is nothing but illusion.
235	How many books or Mandalas does the Rig Veda contain?	Ten.
236	Who introduced chariots drawn by horses into India?	The Aryans
237	Who was born to Siddhartha and Trishala in the year 540 B.C.?	Vardhamana Mahavira
238	According to the Arthashastra, the Purohita was an important member of the Mantri Parishad. What was his role?	He was the High Priest.
239	In ancient India handicraftsmen were organised into economic corporations or guilds. What were these Guilds called?	Shreni.
240	Who wrote Kadambari?	Banabhatta.
241	At what age did Mahavira abandon the world and become an ascetic?	At the age of 30 yrs.
242	Where and when did Mahavira pass away?	In 468 B.C at Pavapuri, in modern Bihar.
243	Jainism was divided into two sects. Name them.	Shvetambara: - Those clad in white. Digambara: - Those who are sky-clad (or are naked)
244	Where was Buddha born?	Buddha was born in the royal grove in Lumbini near Kapilavastu.
245	Where did Buddha deliver his first sermon?	At Sarnath.
246	What was the path to be followed to be free from misery according to Buddha?	He recommended following the eight-fold path, (ashtanga magga)
247	Under whose rule did Magadha first attain prominence?	Bimbisara. According to Ashwaghosha, Bimbisara belonged to the Haryanka dynasty.
248	Who was the Royal Physician at Bimbisara's court?	Jivaka.
249	Which was the capital of the kingdom of Magadha before Pataliputra?	Girivraja. Also called Rajagriha or Rajgir.
250	Who succeeded Bimbisara to the throne of Magadha?	Ajatashatru.
251	Which dynasty succeeded the dynasty of Bimbisara?	The Shishunagas. They conquered the kingdom of Avanti, and made it a part of the Magadhan empire.
252	Where was Pataliputra situated?	It was situated at the confluence of the Gandak, the Son, and the Ganga. It is present-day Patna.
253	What were the reasons behind the refusal of the Greek soldiers to accompany Alexander beyond the Beas?	They were war weary and home sick. The hot climate of India did not suit them. Having experienced the fighting abilities of the Indian people they were apprehensive about the power of the Nandas. All these reasons contributed to their refusal.
254	What theme does Vishakhadatta's play, Mudrarakshasa, deal with?	The strategies adopted by Chanakya against the enemies of Chandragupta Maurya.
255	Which were the four divisions of the army in ancient India?	Infantry, cavalry, elephants and chariots.
256	Why did Ashoka exempt the village of Lumbini from 'Bali' (tribute paid to the king)?	Because this was the birthplace of Gautama Buddha.
257	Menander, also known as Milinda, was the most famous of the Indo-Greek kings. Where was his capital city?	Sakala, modern Sialkot.
258	Who was the Buddhist monk who converted Menander into Buddhism?	Nagasena or Nagarjuna.
259	What is the Milinda Panha?	It is a book, which records the conversation between Nagarjuna and Menander. Milinda Panha literally means Questions by Milinda.
260	Who issued the first long inscription in chaste Sanskrit?	Rudradaman, the famous Shaka ruler.
261	We know of two successive dynasties of the Kushanas. Who founded them?	The first dynasty was founded by Kadphises I and the second by Kanishka.
262	The Shakas and the Kushanas completely identified themselves with Indian culture. What factors helped them in this?	They did not have a script of their own nor did they have any organised religion.
263	What were the articles of clothing introduced in India by the Shakas and the Kushanas?	Trousers, long coat, tunic and turban. The turban, however, is mentioned as a head dress in ancient India (Ushneesha)
264	How were the foreign elements like Shaka, Pahlava and the Kushanas assimilated into Indian society?	Since they came as conquerors they were classified as Kshatriyas.
265	Buddhism was divided into two sects. What were they?	Mahayana: - The Great wheel. Hinayana: - The Lesser wheel.
266	Name the two Buddhist centres located in present day Andhra Pradesh?	Nagarjunakonda and Amaravati.
267	What was the contribution of the Greeks to Indian theatre techniques?	The use of curtain was borrowed from the Greeks. The curtain was called "Yavanika".
268	Over which areas did the Shatavahana dynasty rule?	The Deccan and Central India.
269	Over which area of India did Rashtrakutas rule?	Northern Maharashtra.
270	Who were Gandhikas?	Artisans who are mentioned as giving donations to the Buddhists. Originally Gandhika meant perfumes but was later used to describe shopkeepers. The name Gandhi is said to have been derived from it.