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What is Laravel
Laravel is a PHP framework, that allow you to write secure web applications.
http://laravel.com/
Why use Framework ?
Framework provides many functionality commonly used in web applications. For example user authentication, form generation, form handing, etc..
MVC Framework
MVC means Model-View-Controller.
Model == Database (or application logic)
Views == Template, Look and feel of a web site.
Controller == Handles user request.
When we have views part in a different file, it is easy for a designer who don't know PHP can work with look and feel with out messing with application logic.