Le Bail JC, Varnat F, Nicolas JC, Habrioux G how clomid is taken Possible mechanisms include attenuation of oxidative injury via its antioxidant activity, 23 prevention of intracellular calcium accumulation, 24 inhibition of NMDA induced excitotoxicity, 25 26 enhanced expression of neurotrophin receptors, 27 28 possibly by activation of mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathways, 29 30 and modulation of antiapoptotic bcl 2 gene expression