Why to learn about Hacking

Basic knowledge about hacking will help one to avoid get hacked. Following are the main tools of hacking -

Options of traceroute :
-p n , n is UDP number
-s , will stop port incrementation.

Port scan is used to listen ports and will help a hacker to gather info regarding the Operating system in use and the applications in use at the target. Security flaws due to old version of the software, misconfiguration etc. E.g - nmap and superscan.

ping/? at DOS prompt gives the options and is used for remote OS detection. ping -t <target>. '-t' means ping until stopped. Type control +break to continue. Continuous pinging a system leads it's crash down due to overloading of target's RAM. System restart at the right time prevents system crash.

ping <IP> at DOS prompt will find active machines.

ping -n <host>, here n has a default value 4 and is the number of echo requests send. While pinging, we get TTL (Time To Live) value in millisecond. From that we can find the OS in use.

Windows 9x/NT/2000, Netware : 128 ms, Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD : 64 ms.

The above list is not complete. Windows are less secure than Linux.