Asia's superpowers - China, India and Pakistan.

India has 15600 km border to defend of which 4050 km is with China. India is one of the world's largest importers of arms. India has the fourth largest armed forces in the world. Future wars will be short wars of great intensity.

The accession of Kashmir to India at the time of the partition of the subcontinent has never been accepted by Pakistan. Since then they feel that the Hindu ruler of Kashmir (Raja Hari Singh) was coerced into joining the Union of India without ascertaining the wishes of the predominantly Muslim people.

Pakistan's effort to annex Kashmir by force, initially in 1947 - 48 (Op Gulmarg) and yet again in 1965 (Op Gibralter), was twarted by the Indian Army. Kashmir today stands divided along a loosely supervised Line Of Control (LoC) by the UN.

An uneasy peace prevails, frequently interrupted by military violation of the LoC.

Tibet was annexed to China in 1950. Dalai Lama flight to India in March 1959. Macleodganj in Dharmshala is the Head quarters of Dalai Lama.