Science For You

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Orbit 1 : The Moon probe (11 instruments weighing 1380 kg) was placed in an oblate orbit of earth after covering 400,000 km. In the orbit, the Moon probe will come 255 km closer to earth and the farthest distance will be 22,860 km.

Orbit 2 : By firing small rockets, the orbit will be changed. The Moon probe's farthest distance from earth will be increased to 22,860 km.

Orbit 3 : By firing 440 Newton liquid engine rockets for 18 minutes, the orbit is changed (24 Oct 08). The Moon probe's farthest distance from earth (apogie) will be increased to 37,900 km. The period of rotation of the Moon probe in orbit is 11 hours.

Orbit 4 : The Moon probe's farthest distance from earth will be increased to 73,000 km.

Orbit 5 : The Moon probe's farthest distance from earth will be increased to 387,000 km.

Orbit 6 : By firing small rockets, the orbit will be changed. Now the Moon probe will revolve around Moon. In the first Moon's orbit with an apogie of 5000 km.

Orbit 6 : In the second Moon's orbit with an apogie (farthest distance) of 5000 km and a perigee of 100 km (closest distance).

Orbit 7 : Finally the Moon probe will move in an oblate orbit having an apogie of 100 km. This orbit will be achieved on 8 Nov.

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Spacecraft specifications

* Cuboid in shape of approximately 1.5 m side.
* Weighing 1304 kg at launch and 590 kg at lunar orbit.
* Accommodates eleven science payloads.
* 3-axis stabilized spacecraft using two star sensors, gyros and four reaction wheels.
* The power generation would be through a canted single-sided solar array to provide required power during all phases of the mission. This deployable solar array consisting of a single panel generates 700 W of peak power. Solar array along with yoke would be stowed on the south deck of the spacecraft in the launch phase. During eclipse spacecraft will be powered by Lithium ion (Li-Ion) batteries.
* After deployment the solar panel plane is canted by 30 degree to the spacecraft pitch axis.
* The spacecraft employs a X-band, 0.7 m diameter parabolic antenna for payload data transmission. The antenna employs a dual gimbal mechanism to track the earth station when the spacecraft is in lunar orbit.
* The spacecraft uses a bipropellant integrated propulsion system to reach lunar orbit as well as orbit and attitude maintenance while orbiting the moon.
* The propulsion system carries required propellant for a mission life of 2 years, with adequate margin.
* The Telemetry, Tracking & Command (TTC) communication is in S-band frequency.
* The scientific payload data transmission is in X-band frequency.
* The spacecraft has three Solid State Recorders (SSRs) on board to record data from various payloads. SSR-1 will store science payload data and has capability of storing 32 Gb data. SSR-2 will store science payload data along with spacecraft attitude information (gyro and star sensor), satellite house keeping and other auxiliary data. The storing capacity of SSR-2 is 8 Gb. M3 (Moon Mineralogy Mapper) payload has an independent SSR with 10 Gb capacity.

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National tricolour will be dropped in Moon via Moon Impact grobe on 14 November. The mission is to detect the presence of He-3 and water at Moon's surface. The instruments dropped will transmit the data collected to the Moon's satellite and then the earth. Chandrayan-1 has a life of 2 years.

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Chandrayan-2 will be having a Moon Lander and a Rover planned to launch in 2011-12. The rover would move on wheels on the lunar surface, pick up samples of soil or rocks, do a chemical analysis and send the data to the spacecraft orbiting above. Russia's Federal Space Agency (Roskosmos) is joining with ISRO for development of Chandrayaan-2 Lander/Rover. The rover will weigh between 30 kg and 100 kg, depending on whether it is to do a semi-hard landing or soft landing. The rover will have an operating life-span of a month. It will run predominantly on solar power. The Moon mission will costs Rs 12,000 Crore.

In the final stage of the mission, India is planning to land humans on Moon.

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Name the causal organism of Tuberculosis ?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
What is the common name for 'septicaemia' ?
Blood poisoning
Who discovered the vaccine for small pox ?
Edward Jenner
What is the common name for Carcinoma ?
Cancer
Who invented the 'stethoscope' ?
Dr. Rene Laennec
Who discovered pencillin ?
Alexander Flemming
What is the normal body temperature in human beings ?
98.4 F
What is Otology ?
Study of ear diseases
Who discovered the bacterium which causes 'anthrax' ?
Robert Koch
Expand the word BCG ?
Bacillus Calmette Guerin

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Which disease is known as Lock jaw ?
Tetanus
What is ECG ?
Electro Cardiogram
Which bacterium causes cholera ?
Vibrio Cholerae
Who is called as 'Father of Genetics ?
Gregor Mendal
Name the substance which acts as a "shock absorber" in the embryo ?
Amniotic fluid
Who first discovered 'cells'?
Robert Hooke
Who discovered the Nucleic acid ?
Miescher in 1868
Mention a function where in all the types of RNA are involved in a cell ?
Protein synthesis
Who coined the the word "protoplasm" ?
Purkinje in 1839
Name the most common bacteria used for scientific research ?
Escherichia coli

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What is the 'fruitfly' used for research in genetics called ?
Drosophila
Name the cells in which golgi apparatus is absent.
Mammalian RBC
Who observed bacteria first ?
Leeuwen Hock in 1723
What is the term used for the study of bones ?
Osteology
Name the bacteria which turns milk into curd.
Lactobacillus
Who proposed cell theory ?
Schleiden and Schwann
How many chromosomes are present in man ?
23 pairs
What is the name of the whale found in Ganges ?
Platanista gangeticus
Who is called as father of Modern Biology ?
Aristotle
The sexual periodicity in the female is known as the period of heart or oestrus. what is term applied for the sexual periodicity in male ?
Rutting season

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Which nerve carries messages from the eye to the brain ?
Optic nerve
Which particular bat sucks the blood of horses, dogs and other warm blooded animals ?
Vampyrus spectrum
What is the scientific name for the toe bones ?
Phalanges
Which particular animal gives birth to four offspring always ?
Tatusia novemcincta
Name the pigment which determines the skin color in man.
Melanin
Which is smallest flowering plant ?
Wolffia
Which is the heaviest plant ?
Giant sequoia
Which is the largest flower in the world ?
Raffleisa
Which is the biggest plant seed ?
Coco-de-mer
The process by which plants lose water as water vapour into the atmosphere is called ?
Transpiration

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Seed-bearing plants are known as ?
Angiosperms
The chief role of flower in the life of a plant is ?
To attract insects for pollination
Plant movement to external stimuli is called
Tactic
Fungi are plants lacking
Chlorophyll
Which trees has its name in Sanskrit meaning without sorrow ?
Ashoka
Plants which are attached to soil are known as
Lithophytes
Art of shaping plants is known as
Topiary
Which tree is known as 'Indian red wood tree ?
Dalbergia
Name the tree whose wood is used to make cricket bats ?
Willow
Which is the largest tree in the world ?
Giant Sequoia

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Name the region where Chimpanzees are found ?
Africa
Which is the slowest moving mammal ?
Three toed sloth
The region where Rhea is found ?
South America
Which flying bird keeps its mouth open while flying so that they could catch flying insects ?
Nightjar
The science of studying birds is called
Ornithology
Which is the smallest bird ?
The humming bird
Which bird has a melodious flute-like call ?
Orile
Which bird has a musical whistling call ?
Lora
Which bird has holds the record for the longest migration ?
Arctic Tern
Which creature can look in two directions simultaneously ?
Chameleon